// 发布者基类包含订阅管理代码和通知方法。
class EventManager is
    private field listeners: hash map of event types and listeners

    method subscribe(eventType, listener) is
        listeners.add(eventType, listener)

    method unsubscribe(eventType, listener) is
        listeners.remove(eventType, listener)

    method notify(eventType, data) is
        foreach (listener in listeners.of(eventType)) do
            listener.update(data)

// 具体发布者包含一些订阅者感兴趣的实际业务逻辑。我们可以从发布者基类中扩
// 展出该类，但在实际情况下并不总能做到，因为具体发布者可能已经是子类了。
// 在这种情况下，你可用组合来修补订阅逻辑，就像我们在这里做的一样。
class Editor is
    public field events: EventManager
    private field file: File

    constructor Editor() is
        events = new EventManager()

    // 业务逻辑的方法可将变化通知给订阅者。
    method openFile(path) is
        this.file = new File(path)
        events.notify("open", file.name)

    method saveFile() is
        file.write()
        events.notify("save", file.name)

    // ...


// 这里是订阅者接口。如果你的编程语言支持函数类型，则可用一组函数来代替整
// 个订阅者的层次结构。
interface EventListener is
    method update(filename)

// 具体订阅者会对其注册的发布者所发出的更新消息做出响应。
class LoggingListener implements EventListener is
    private field log: File
    private field message

    constructor LoggingListener(log_filename, message) is
        this.log = new File(log_filename)
        this.message = message

    method update(filename) is
        log.write(replace('%s',filename,message))

class EmailAlertsListener implements EventListener is
    private field email: string

    constructor EmailAlertsListener(email, message) is
        this.email = email
        this.message = message

    method update(filename) is
        system.email(email, replace('%s',filename,message))


// 应用程序可在运行时配置发布者和订阅者。
class Application is
    method config() is
        editor = new TextEditor()

        logger = new LoggingListener(
            "/path/to/log.txt",
            "有人打开了文件：%s");
        editor.events.subscribe("open", logger)

        emailAlerts = new EmailAlertsListener(
            "admin@example.com",
            "有人更改了文件：%s")
        editor.events.subscribe("save", emailAlerts)