try {
// 要保卫的区域：
// 可能“掷”出A,B,或C的危险情况
} catch (A a1) {
// 控制器 A
} catch (B b1) {
// 控制器 B
} catch (C c1) {
// 控制器 C
} finally {
// 每次都会发生的情况
}

//: FinallyWorks.java
// The finally clause is always executed

public class FinallyWorks {
  static int count = 0;
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    while(true) {
      try {
        // post-increment is zero first time:
        if(count++ == 0)
          throw new Exception();
        System.out.println("No exception");
      } catch(Exception e) {
        System.out.println("Exception thrown");
      } finally {
        System.out.println("in finally clause");
        if(count == 2) break; // out of "while"
      }
    }
  }
} ///:~

Exception thrown
in finally clause
No exception
in finally clause

//: OnOffSwitch.java
// Why use finally?

class Switch {
  boolean state = false;
  boolean read() { return state; }
  void on() { state = true; }
  void off() { state = false; }
}

public class OnOffSwitch {
  static Switch sw = new Switch();
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
      sw.on();
      // Code that can throw exceptions...
      sw.off();
    } catch(NullPointerException e) {
      System.out.println("NullPointerException");
      sw.off();
    } catch(IllegalArgumentException e) {
      System.out.println("IOException");
      sw.off();
    }
  }
} ///:~

//: WithFinally.java
// Finally Guarantees cleanup

class Switch2 {
  boolean state = false;
  boolean read() { return state; }
  void on() { state = true; }
  void off() { state = false; }
}

public class WithFinally {
  static Switch2 sw = new Switch2();
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
      sw.on();
      // Code that can throw exceptions...
    } catch(NullPointerException e) {
      System.out.println("NullPointerException");
    } catch(IllegalArgumentException e) {
      System.out.println("IOException");
    } finally {
      sw.off();
    }
  }
} ///:~

//: AlwaysFinally.java
// Finally is always executed

class Ex extends Exception {}

public class AlwaysFinally {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println(
      "Entering first try block");
    try {
      System.out.println(
        "Entering second try block");
      try {
        throw new Ex();
      } finally {
        System.out.println(
          "finally in 2nd try block");
      }
    } catch(Ex e) {
      System.out.println(
        "Caught Ex in first try block");
    } finally {
      System.out.println(
        "finally in 1st try block");
    }
  }
} ///:~

Entering first try block
Entering second try block
finally in 2nd try block
Caught Ex in first try block
finally in 1st try block

//: LostMessage.java
// How an exception can be lost

class VeryImportantException extends Exception {
  public String toString() {
    return "A very important exception!";
  }
}

class HoHumException extends Exception {
  public String toString() {
    return "A trivial exception";
  }
}

public class LostMessage {
  void f() throws VeryImportantException {
    throw new VeryImportantException();
  }
  void dispose() throws HoHumException {
    throw new HoHumException();
  }
  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws Exception {
    LostMessage lm = new LostMessage();
    try {
      lm.f();
    } finally {
      lm.dispose();
    }
  }
} ///:~

A trivial exception
        at LostMessage.dispose(LostMessage.java:21)
        at LostMessage.main(LostMessage.java:29)